AGP and PCI-X offer 64-bit wide data transfers. Although some 64-bit PCI devices and boards were manufactured, they were quite rare. PCI Express uses serial, not parallel data transfers.

Before we delve into the technicalities of serial communication protocols, let’s talk about communication in general. We already know that communication involves the exchange of information between two or more individuals. Communication can take place in various ways – through written documents, spoken words, audio tapes, video lessons and more.

However, what does “communication” mean in embedded systems? Well, the answer is fairly easy! It is simply an exchange of data between two microcontrollers (embedded devices) in the form of bits. The exchange of data (bits) in embedded systems is governed by a set of rules known as communication protocols.

• Network or to connect server clusters in data centers. High scalability provides investment protection with two expansion slots, each of which can support two-port 10 GbE expansion modules. High availability, simplified management, and comprehensive security control policies are among the key features that distinguish this series.
• Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA) is a standard for connecting and transferring data from hard disk drives ( HDDs ) to computer systems. As its name implies, SATA is based on serial signaling technology, unlike Integrated Drive Electronics ( IDE ) hard drives that use parallel signaling.

In digital communication, there are two types of data transfer:

• Serial Communication
• Parallel Communication

To keep things simple, we will focus this article on the basics of serial communication protocols.

Serial Communication

In serial communication, the data bits are transmitted one at a time in a sequential manner over the data bus or communication channel. In order to understand this properly, let us consider this situation:

Imagine you are shooting at a target with a bow and arrow. How do the arrows fly from the bow? One at a time, right? This is exactly the case with serial communication; the data bits travel from one embedded device to another one at a time, serially.

Now that we’ve covered the basics of serial communication in embedded systems, let’s move ahead and discuss the various types of serial communication protocols.

CAN Protocol

The CAN or Controller Area Network protocol was conceived by Robert Bosch (of GmbH) in the 1980s. Previously during the late 70’s, manufacturers started using advanced features in their automobiles, such as anti-lock braking systems, air conditioners, central door locks, airbags, gear control, engine management systems and so on.

Even though drivers (consumers) loved these new features, they came with some downsides too. These advancements required the addition of heavy and bulky wires, expensive mechanical parts and complex designs, which led to a rise in both the costs and complexity of the in-vehicle electrical and mechanical systems. Fortunately, Robert Bosch made life easier for the engineers by introducing the CAN protocol. The CAN protocol changed the management of electronic sub-systems and the communication between intelligent sensors– a simpler, cheaper method that did all that with a single cable

The widespread popularity of the CAN protocol led to its standardization as the ISO 11898 in 1993. Today, the application of CAN protocol spans the embedded systems spectrum from industrial automation to commercial restaurant fryers and beyond.

The development of these CAN applications ranges from fairly simple to extremely complex. The devices that rely on this protocol are substantial. If not designed, developed, and tested properly can cause severe damage. It is very important to make sure development is well monitored and tested. One easy and important development and test tool for CAN applications is the protocol analyzer.

Uses of the CAN Protocol:

• The CAN protocol is often used for in-vehicle networking of electronic components.
• It is also used in aerospace applications for in-flight analysis and networking of components such as fuel systems, pumps and more.
• Manufacturers of medical equipment often use CAN for creating an embedded network within medical devices.

The CAN products offered by Total Phase:

I2C Protocol

I2C (pronounced “I two C”) or Inter-Integrated Circuits protocol was originally invented by Philips Semiconductor. It is also known as IIC (pronounced I-I-C) and I2C (pronounced I-squared-C). Although this technology is over three decades old, the I2C protocol is widely used today. In fact, it supports a vast number of embedded systems.

The I2C protocol allows embedded engineers to connect multiple slave devices with one or more master. Similar to the SPI protocol, it is intended primarily for short-distance communication within two ICs (Integrated Circuits) on the same printer circuit board (PCB).

It's social online poker. Play with your friends, not random Internet donkeys! Host private online poker games: you set the stakes, you choose the rules! Integrated TableTalk VoIP voice chat—talk while you play! Play cash games, tournaments (up to 90 players), and sit & go's; Choose from Texas Hold'em, Omaha., even Dealer's Choice! Private online poker with friends. Private Table PLAY POKER WITH FRIENDS ON PRIVATE TABLES. You can setup your own private poker table where you can invite your family and friends to play real cash games with you. How to set up your Private Poker Table. Follow these easy steps to create your private table in no time. Play poker online with friends and family by creating a private poker table on 9stacks.com. Download the poker app to play with your friends anytime anywhere.

It requires only two bi-directional wires for transmitting and receiving data bits. In terms of data rates, the I2C protocol supports speed up to 3.4 Mbps - which is pretty fast.

Here are some of the important advantages of using the I2C protocol:

https://golvc.netlify.app/best-website-for-free-online-poker.html. Jun 26, 2019  The WSOP poker app offers the best free poker games online. It is a superb place to practise poker for free and hone your skills without any financial risk to your bankroll. Play free poker games.

• Flexibility of using multiple master devices to speed up communication and improve the design functionality
• Chip addressing eliminates the need of CS (Chip Select) Lines
• Supports a robust error handling mechanism with the ACK/NACK feature.

However, there are some limitations. For example, it takes up much more real estate on a PCB as it uses pull-up resistors.

Fat Cat Folding Texas Hold 'em Poker/Casino Game Table with Cushioned Rail, 10 Player. 3.4 out of 5 stars 117. $228.49 $ 228. 49 $359.00 $ 359. Get it as soon as Thu, Aug 1. FREE Shipping by Amazon. More Buying Choices. Ring Smart Home Security Systems eero WiFi Stream 4K Video in Every Room. Dec 16, 2018  Fat Cat 11.5 Gram Texas Hold 'em Clay Poker Chip Set with Aluminum Case, 500 Striped Dice Chips. Smartxchoices 500 Poker Chip Set 11.5 Gram Dice Style Clay Casino Poker Chips w/Aluminum Case Cards Dices Blind Button for Texas Holdem Blackjack Gambling. Ring Smart Home Security Systems. Complete your card nights in style with the Fat Cat Folding Card Table Top. This solidly constructed wood tabletop fits over most surfaces to transform them into casino experience. Top quality cloth covers the folding table top, just like you would see in your favorite card hall, to protect your cards from damage. The Texas Hold'em Poker table by Fat Cat is great to have on hand for any impromptu poker party. The casino-grade felt prevents chips and cards from shifting. The rail is cushioned for extra comfort and also incorporates ten built-in drink holders. The tables legs are collapsible. Poker home casino fat cat.

Uses of the I2C Protocol:

• Changes the various color setting, such as hue, on a monitor.
• Controls the LED/LCD displays in cell phones
• Helps switching on /off the power supply of internal components

The I2C products offered by Total Phase:

SPI Protocol

Slot Features Serial Data Transfer

Serial Peripheral Interface, which is commonly known as S-P-I or “spy” is one of the most popular interface specifications used in embedded systems. Since its introduction in the late 1980’s by Motorola, the SPI protocol has been widely used for short distance communication in embedded systems.

Through the SPI protocol, devices communicate with each other using master-slave architecture. Although multiple slave devices can be supported by SPI, the number of master devices is limited to one. SPI is known as four-wire serial bus because it consists of four signals:

• master out slave in (MOSI)
• master in slave out (MISO)
• serial clock (SCK),
• slave select (SS)

In full duplex mode, data rates over 1Mbps can be achieved - this is one of the main advantages of the SPI bus. Compared to I2C, SPI also supports using simple hardware interfacing and provides a higher throughput.

However, the SPI protocol also has some drawbacks – the lack of error-checking mechanism and slave acknowledgment feature are some of the major disadvantages.

Sidearms Weapon Name:How To Unlock:Mark IVUnlocked when you go to the first store1911Liberate 13 Bell Towers6P9Rewarded after progress through the main campaignA.J.M 9Uplay – 30 Uplay pointsSkorpionUnlocked when you go to the first storeFlare GunLiberate 6 Bell TowersAuto-CrossLiberate 17 Bell TowersD2Liberate 9 Bell TowersM-79Liberate 8 Bell TowersMain Weapons Weapon Name:How To Unlock:MP34Unlocked when you go to the first storeA2000Unlocked when you go to the first storeMP5Liberate 12 Bell TowersM133Unlocked when you go to the first store. Becomes free after saving the village in the main campaign.1887Unlocked when you go to the first storeAK47Unlocked when you go to the first storeSTG-90Unlocked when you go to the first storeF1Liberate 14 Bell TowersMS16Liberate 10 Bell TowersSVDUnlocked when you go to the first storeM-700Liberate 7 Bell TowersPKMUnlocked when you go to the first storeU100Liberate 16 Bell TowersRPG-7Unlocked when you go to the first storeGL-94Unlocked through the main campaignLK-1018Complete 4 Longinus QuestsHunter BowUnlocked through the main campaignRecurve BowUnlocked when you go to the first store. Unlock gun slots far cry 4.

Uses of the SPI Protocol:

• Apply for communication with temperature, pressure sensors, and video game controllers
• Interface with LCDs and SD cards
• Communicate with FLASH and EEPROM memory
• Read data from a real time clock.

SPI products offered by Total Phase:

USB Protocol

It isn’t a secret that USB, the Universal Serial Bus protocol, is by far the most common protocol in use. You can probably find a dozen USB cables and connectors lying around in your home. Originally developed in the 1990s, it was intended to standardize the connection of a number of peripheral devices to a computer. Today, you can connect almost anything from external hard drives to printers to your laptop/computer through USB cables.

Serial And Parallel Data Transfer

USB protocol was designed for two specific purposes:

• Communicate with peripheral devices
• Supply power to the connected devices if applicable

There are many variations of USB connectors - the standard USB that you find on keyboards, mice, and printers. Micro USB and USB Type-C are used mostly with cell phones - however, their popularity in other devices is growing.

When a device communicates with another device through USB protocol, data travels in the form of packets. All the data packets are composed of 8-bit bytes (or multiples of 8-bit bytes, depending on the supported bitrate), where the LSB or Least Significant Bit is transmitted first. If you are building an embedded system that involves USB, make sure you use a USB protocol analyzer to monitor the data on the bus.

Uses of the USB Protocol:

• Connect peripheral devices such as keyboards, mouse, printers, etc. to a computer
• Supply power to the peripheral devices
• Charge accessories such as power banks and devices like cell phones and Bluetooth speakers directly from the power outlet or from computers

The USB products offered by Total Phase:

• Beagle Protocol Analyzer Models: USB 12, USB 480, and 5000 v2

eSPI Protocol

What Is Serial Data

eSPI was developed by the Intel Corporation as the successor to the Low Pin Count (LPC) bus. eSPI stands for Enhanced Serial Peripheral Bus Interface - its primary function is to reduce the number of pins as compared to LPC.

Indigo Sky Casino is one the the largest casinos in NE Oklahoma, featuring two hotel towers, electronic games, RV Park, and more. Our Casino Floor boasts over 1,400 gaming machines, 12 table games and a poker room for gamblers looking for a variety of gaming options. Indigo sky casino gaming age. Join GO Rewards Club. For the finer things in life. Get even more out of Indigo Sky Casino by signing up for a Go Rewards Club card. As a Go Rewards cardholder, you will receive casino perks including points toward free game play and invitations to member-only events and offers. Come enjoy Indigo Sky Casino in Wyandotte, OK. Poker, Bingo, High Stakes Bingo, Blackjack Table Games, Slots, Dining and More!

Uses of the eSPI Protocol:

• Reduce the number of pins required on the motherboard
• Used in applications where real time flash sharing is required

eSPI products offered by Total Phase:

Total Phases offers products that support all of the above listed protocols. Our range of protocol analyzers and host adapters help with the test and development of almost any embedded device using CAN, I2C, SPI, USB and/or eSPI. Click below if you would like to learn more, or have a personal demo designed to specifically address your needs.

The Universal Serial Bus has the following features:

• The computer acts as the host.
• Up to 127 devices can connect to the host, either directly or by way of USB hubs.
• Individual USB cables can run as long as 5 meters; with hubs, devices can be up to 30 meters (six cables' worth) away from the host.
• With USB 2.0,the bus has a maximum data rate of 480 megabits per second (10 times the speed of USB 1.0).
• A USB 2.0 cable has two wires for power (+5 volts and ground) and a twisted pair of wires to carry the data. The USB 3.0 standard adds four more wires for data transmission. While USB 2.0 can only send data in one direction at a time (downstream or upstream), USB 3.0 can transmit data in both directions simultaneously.
• On the power wires, the computer can supply up to 500 milliamps of power at 5 volts. A USB 3.0 cable can supply up to 900 milliamps of power.
• Low-power devices (such as mice) can draw their power directly from the bus. High-power devices (such as printers) have their own power supplies and draw minimal power from the bus. Hubs can have their own power supplies to provide power to devices connected to the hub.
• USB devices are hot-swappable, meaning you can plug them into the bus and unplug them any time. A USB 3.0 cable is compatible with USB 2.0 ports -- you won't get the same data transfer speed as with a USB 3.0 port but data and power will still transfer through the cable.
• Many USB devices can be put to sleep by the host computer when the computer enters a power-saving mode.

The devices connected to a USB port rely on the cable to carry power and data.

Advertisement